The environment crosses boundaries
Suggest changes- Protect the quality and resilience of shared air, water, land, and ecosystems while making human needs and trade-offs explicit.
- Map resource flows, pollution sources, downstream users, ecosystems, monitoring, enforcement, and the decisions that affect them. Examine where costs or effects cross administrative boundaries.
- Consider physical limits, existing damage, livelihoods, enforcement capacity, measurement gaps, recovery times, and uncertainty about thresholds or irreversible effects.
Principles
- Shared resources cross administrative boundaries; costs shifted downstream or elsewhere remain real costs.
- Evaluate environmental changes across the full system and assign responsibility for monitoring and repair.
Related Foundations
- Consumption: competing for limited resources
- Opportunity cost: what you give up
- Defining the system
- Measure the outcome
- Equilibrium, stability, and instability
References
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